Hyper-V is Microsoft software that virtualizes a single hardware server into multiple virtual servers/machines. 
Hyper V lets you share the underlying hardware resources (processor, hard drive, memory, etc.) across virtual machines (VMs) by assigning them virtual resources. Each VM then becomes capable of running its own operating system and applications.
Hyper-V forms a layer of abstraction between the underlying hardware and the virtual machines. It then assigns the allocation and management of these hardware resources to the guest operating systems. It makes logical units of isolation or, “partitions”, in the host server which are then used to create virtual machines. 

The host Windows OS runs in the parent names as parent partition or root. Hyper-V runs directly on the host hardware and manages the OS running on the server. Even the host operating system runs on top of Hyper-V. However, unlike the guest operating systems, the host OS has direct access to the hardware resources.

When to Use Hyper-V?

1. Maximize Hardware Usage

Hypervisors arose from a need to utilize idle hardware resources. Most server hardware configurations are sized to handle maximum workloads during peak demand periods. Therefore, during off-peak hours many hardware resources are underutilized or idle. 

2. Increase Efficiency and Productivity

Quick response times and shortened time to market are key drivers for all businesses. IT teams are expected to respond quickly to server deployment requests in order to provision new services and applications. Hyper-V can shorten delivery time by making use of already-deployed hardware and running virtual machines on top of them.

3. Minimize Downtime

In a world where businesses are expected to deliver uninterrupted services round the clock, IT teams need to minimize both planned and unplanned downtime. Quick/live migrations and server portability are essential to meeting business continuity key performance indicators (KPIs). Hyper-V can quickly move workloads to new hardware to address these requirements. 

4. Reduce Data Center Footprints

By consolidating workloads on virtual servers, Microsoft Hyper-V can reduce the actual number of physical servers in a data center. This means there will be less heating, cooling, and space requirements resulting in direct cost savings. Smaller datacenter footprints also align your business with “Green IT” environmental initiatives.

5. Enable VDI Environment

Developers often work on assignments with high compute workloads that overwhelm their laptops or desktops. Hyper-V’s Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) environments can cater to these high-compute workloads. 

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